大英博物馆人声鼎沸 热闹非凡 The buzz around the British Museum has reached fever pitch
时下最大的展览在该馆拉开帷幕 as it opens its biggest exhibition in a generation.
该展览的主题是秦始皇,他在中国历史上地位举足轻重 It's about the First Emperor of China,one of the most important men
他是兵马俑的创始者 who has ever lived and creator of the Terracotta Army.
我们拥有会展项目组的特许权 We've had exclusive access to the exhibition team,
从最初的规划阶段 from the earliest planning stages,
直到开幕前最后的筹备工作 right through until the last-minute preparations for opening.
单手搬运时,要小心轻放 Right,nice and easy. If you just get a hand on the warrior.
你第一眼看到它们的时候,会感觉它们真是帅呆了 Your first sight of them has to be drop dead,that moment.
这是发自心底的感觉 It has to hit you emotionally.
这是博物馆的历史阅读室,首次被改造成展厅 For the first time,the museum's historic Reading Room has been transformed into a gallery.
该展厅独树一帜,万众瞩目 The room is still a star. It's still expressed within the exhibition.
一些颇具时代意义的展品,将展示给游客 On display will be some truly iconic objects.
-他是一名卸甲的将军吗？ -是的 He's the unarmoured general,isn't he？ Yeah.
太不可思议了,他们看起来栩栩如生 It's amazing,isn't it？ They look so real.
这耗费了馆长毕生的心血 It's the job of a lifetime for the curator.
这是我举办过的、有史以来最大的一次展览 This exhibition's the biggest one I've ever done.
我曾举办过永久性展览、临时性展览,但这次展览是最大的 I've done permanent galleries,I've done temporary exhibitions,but this is the biggest.
她将诉说一段史诗般的历史 Her challenge is to tell an epic story.
秦始皇统一六国,实现民族统一 The creation of an empire,the building of a great wall...
并建造了万里长城 ..the unification of a people.
秦始皇统治中国11年,建造了无比奢华的皇陵 The First Emperor ruled China for 11 years and built a lavish tomb to inhabit for ever.
大英博物馆所收集的展品,将会诉说 The objects which the British Museum is gathering together will tell
秦始皇统一六国,并建造壮观而永恒的兵马俑的故事 the story of the man who made China and his spectacular eternal army.
神啊 太壮观了 God,that's breathtaking.
片名:秦始皇兵马俑
简.鲍特负责秦始皇这个展览项目 The woman in charge of the First Emperor project is Jane Portal.
这个展厅非常宽敞 This gallery's enormous.
它是大英博物馆最大的展厅 It's the biggest gallery in the British Museum...
简馆长在英国收藏了大量 Jane is the curator of one of the best collections of
中国的青铜器、玉器和陶瓷 the Chinese bronzes,jades and ceramics in the West.
但来自秦始皇时代的文物比较稀缺 But the First Emperor's dynasty,the Qin,is a little under represented.
我将在大英博物馆里,展示来自秦朝的文物 I'm just going to show you what there is in the British Museum which is from the Qin,which is here.
我们只有三件该时代的展品 We only have these three objects.
-是这个吗？ -是的 没错 This is it？ This is it,yes.
难怪秦朝的文物展览会让大家如此兴奋 So no wonder you're getting excited about the Qin exhibition.
而事实上 在此次展览中 And in fact,the Qin exhibition,we're having a large majority of
将会展示大量与秦朝相关的展品 everything there is to do with the Qin is going to be in our exhibition,
因为除了秦始皇陵遗迹,其他和秦始皇紧密相关的事物,实属不多 because there isn't that much to do with the Qin,apart from the evidence from the First Emperor's tomb.
因此秦始皇陵遗迹就显得尤为重要 That's why it's so important,the evidence from the tomb.
从秦始皇陵出土的文物,包括兵马俑在内 Objects from the First Emperor's tomb,including Terracotta Warriors,
从位于中国中部的西安,被送往全球各地 are being brought across the world from Xi'an in central China.
这座繁荣的城市和雅典、开罗和罗马一样,曾是古代世界级的大都城 This thriving city was once a great capital of the ancient world,like Athens,Cairo and Rome.
今天,每年约有两百万人,来这里参观秦始皇兵马俑博物馆 Today,two million people come here each year to visit the Terracotta Warriors Museum.
出土于1974年的秦始皇兵马俑是世界上 The Terracotta Warriors that were excavated in 1974 are really the most
真正最壮观的考古发现 spectacular archaeological find in the world.
经过长达1年的磋商,2006年6月 In June 2006,after a year of negotiation,
简随同大英博物馆董事尼尔麦格雷戈 Jane visited Xi'an to select the items she wanted for her exhibition.
参观西安秦始皇陵遗址,并收集展览文物 She came with the director of the British Museum,Neil MacGregor.
这太不可思议了,这是一支军队正在... What is so extraordinary is that this was an army ready to ...
事实上 他们正在为行军做准备 well,actually,on the march.
他们希望能借到20尊兵马俑,这在之前从未有过 They were hoping to secure 20 figures,more than had ever been loaned before.
而他们面临的挑战是,如何在伦敦把秦始皇陵遗址庞大的规模,展示给游客 The design challenge is how you get some idea to the visitor in London of the scale of the site.
如果他们的展览,无法展现兵马俑庞大的规模 If their exhibition can't convey the sheer size of the army,
展览效果会适得其反 it might be able to give visitors a different experience.
在中国,只有少数人才能面对面目睹兵马俑 A face-to-face encounter with individual warriors,something which is only possible for VIPs in China.
你能用眼神和他们交流,这就是他们的不寻常之处？ What's so extraordinary is to be able to look them in the eye,isn't it？
我想我们能在展览中,让游客们体会到,它们如此庞大的规模 And I think to give the visitor the sense of how big they are
而这恰恰是这里的游客未曾体会的 and that's something we can do in the exhibition which is not really possible for the visitor here.
此次展览的主题并不限于兵马俑 The exhibition is not just about the Terracotta Army.
还关乎秦始皇本人和秦朝历史 It's about the First Emperor himself and the Qin Dynasty.
秦朝在灭六国统一中国之前 The Qin ruled the most westerly of several warring states for over
是中国最西部的一个诸侯国,统治时间超过600年 600 years before they conquered the others and united China.
卡洛琳.英厄姆和简随同设计师,展开了长达900英里的旅程 With designer,Caroline Ingham,Jane embarked on a 900-mile journey
该旅程主要围绕古代秦国遗址,搜集展览文物 around the ancient Qin state searching for objects to display.
秦国因其强大的军事力量而闻名 Although the Qin was mainly known for its military abilities
我们正试图挖掘其他美好的事物 we're trying to get over the fact that they actually made beautiful things as well.
我见过它们的照片,这些家喻户晓的照片让人过目难忘 I have seen pictures of them,because they're very famous,and they are incredibly impressive.
但是这次展览的意义远远大于展览本身 But this will be a show which is about far more than a collection of objects.
它试图向西方诸国展现,现代中国崛起的奥秘 It comes at a time when the West is trying to make sense of the rise of modern China.
这也是大英博物馆举办此次展览的目的 That is,of course,exactly what the British Museum is about.
问题的关键是:如果你对历史进行细致入微的思索 The point was always that if you thought carefully about the past,
你就会对当前有不同的看法 you would be able to think differently about the present.
我们在这次展览中得以尝试 This exhibition allows us to try to do
未曾做过的事 something we really haven't done before,
得以去思考,这对中国的建立意味着什么 to think about what it meant to make China.
以及秦始皇如何 And how it came that one man was able to create
在世界上创造了一个最古老的政治实体 what is the oldest political entity in the world.
-== HDC字幕组荣誉制作 ==-- 本字幕仅供学习交流,严禁用于商业用途 -== HDChina.org 高清PT站 ==- 翻译/时间轴: brainsmart 2010.8.08
每天早上,这面旗帜都会在中国的首都北京冉冉升起 Every morning this flag is raised in the heart of the capital here in Beijing.
它象征着一个非常强大的统一国家 It symbolises one united country,and a pretty powerful one at that.
如果不是秦始皇,在2000多年前统一了相互独立的7个诸侯国 It could all have been so different if it wasn't for the First Emperor 2,000 years ago,
情况可能大不一样 who took seven separate kingdoms and created one state.
秦始皇创立了现代中国的模板 The First Emperor set the template for modern China.
他依托强大的军事力量 He centralised rule across his vast empire,
在庞大的国家内推行中央集权 with ruthless organisation backed by military might.
他创造了一个永不磨灭的胜利之师 He created an everlasting version of his victorious army,
7000尊兵马俑守卫着他的陵墓,抵御外来敌军鬼魂的入侵 7,000 Terracotta Warriors guard his tomb,ready to spring into action against the ghost of his enemies.
在他短短的11年统治期间,秦始皇创立了 In his short reign of 11 years,the First Emperor created
一整套苛刻的法律,对社会生活的各方面进行统治 a coherent society with strict laws governing every aspect of life.
能给我一些蘑菇吗？ Could I have some mushrooms？
统一度量衡标准意味着 Standard units of weight and measurement meant that business
商业活动可以凭借新的单一货币,在全国范围内推行 could be done fairly across the empire with a new single currency.
他建造了通往各前诸侯国的道路 He built roads linking the former warring states and fixed the width
并确定了车轴的宽度,以便统一道路规格 of cart axles so the ruts on those roads would be uniform.
他以万里长城为屏障,抵御北方蛮族的入侵 Famously,he secured his empire from barbarian attack with a great wall to the north,a wall
在接下来的2000年里,长城被历代皇帝改道和重建 re-routed and rebuilt by successive emperors over the next 2,000 years.
那么究竟如何才能公正客观地把这些方面,在展览中展示出来呢？ How on earth do you do justice to all this in just one exhibition？
而你最关心的问题是,秦始皇是如何做到这一点的 The question you want to ask is,how did he do it？
这就是我们希望采纳该展览创意的原因所在 This is why we're hoping to use this steely idea...
很多人参与展览的筹备工作 Many people are planning the exhibition,but it's
但简需要花心思在,如何讲述秦始皇的故事上 Jane who has to work out how to tell the First Emperor's story.
我们该以何种方式,提出秦始皇的信仰问题 How or where in all this can we try to address the question of what he actually believed？
这显然和他的信仰体系有关 This is obviously related to
这种体系是在他死后被确立的,而且极其复杂 an extremely complex belief structure of him after death.
你了解这种信仰体系吗？ Do we know what that was？
这不同于埃及,埃及的死亡之书描写了死亡灵魂的蜕变 It's not like Egypt,where there's the book of the dead telling you what happens to the dead spirit...
而我们唯一可考的,便是成书于汉朝的史书--书经 The only evidence we have is the Shujing,which is the book of history which was written in the Han dynasty,
汉代以后的朝代,被儒家史学家写进了书经 the following dynasty and it's written by this Confucian historian
如何建造坟墓也有所描述 and he describes the making of the tomb.
我们无法得知皇帝是否在等待审判,或别的什么东西 We've got no idea whether the Emperor is waiting for judgment or whatever.
据我们所知,他一直在延续他曾致力于做的事情 As far as we know,he's just going on doing for ever what he was doing.
因此这是一个生生不息的世界 So this is the life of this world going on indefinitely,rather than,
这个世界不同于我们现在所看到的世界 as far as we can see,a different kind of world.
秦始皇死后,我们永远无法了解秦始皇的人生信仰 We may never know exactly what the First Emperor believed about life after death,
无数的财宝随秦始皇长眠地下 despite the wealth of material found around his final resting place.
许多人都听说过兵马俑,但很少有人知道 Lots of people have heard of the Terracotta Army,but few realise
它们只是巨大陵墓的一小部分,这是秦始皇为自己建造的一座地下宫殿 they're actually just a small part of a giant necropolis,a kind of palace of the dead built
秦始皇墓位于宫殿的中心区域 by Qin Shihuangdi for himself,and in the middle there is this very prominent tomb mound.
事实上 兵马俑位于秦始皇墓以东1.5公里处 The Terracotta Army are actually about a kilometre and a half to the east over there and
这片区域的所有坑里,有大量的人物和动物塑像以及贵重物品被发现 all over this area there are pits that have been found full of other figures,animals and precious goods.
中国人已经知道秦始皇被埋葬在这里 The Chinese people have always known their First Emperor was buried here,
但兵马俑却未曾被记载 but there was no record of the Terracotta Army.
1974年的某一天,一位农民在挖井时发现了一颗陶制的头颅在注视着他 It was discovered in 1974 when a peasant digging a well saw a pottery head looking up at him.
中国政府开始进行挖掘 The Chinese government began excavating,
政府召集了当地公社的工人,并把挖掘过程做了影视记录 bringing in workers from a local commune and captured it on film.
兵马俑于1979年首次对外展览 The first warriors went on display in 1979.
这些公元前三世纪的军队保持战斗队形 This model third-century BC army is in battle formation.
身着不同战服的步兵排列成队 There are columns of infantry in different types of battledress
木质战车由四匹马提供动力,而此时的战车已腐烂殆尽 and teams driving wooden chariots,which have long since rotted away,each drawn by four horses.
2000多年后的今天,人物的各表情仍旧栩栩如生 These are the faces of people that lived,loved and fought over 2,000 years ago.
它们显得尤为重要,因为它们是仅存的秦朝雕像 And they're all the more important because they're the only Qin statues in existence.
目前只有20%的坑被挖掘 Only about 20% of the pit has been excavated.
尚有数千具兵马俑还长埋地下 The columns stretch back much further with thousands more Terracotta Warriors still buried.
而这仅仅是故事的一部分 And that's not the whole story.
附近有一个小坑 Close by is another smaller pit.
在这里,出土了部分的弓箭手、骑兵,以及军队的主力--步兵 Here,partially excavated,are archers and cavalry and more infantry to support the main army.
那边的3号坑是军队里高级将领的指挥所 And there's a third pit,a command post for the army with high-ranking officers.
那是一辆装饰华丽的有蓬战车,驾车的士兵手握马缰,不过该战车已经破烂不堪 There was also an ornate canopied chariot which has disintegrated with charioteers holding the reins.
你在制作历史节目的时候,来到数量众多的地方 When you're lucky enough to make history programmes,you come to a huge number of places and see
看到如此多令人称奇的事物,你往往会异常兴奋 all sorts of amazing things and often you have to get terribly excited about them,but here,
而今天在这里,我彻底被兵马俑征服了 today,at the Terracotta Army,I've been completely overwhelmed.
这是我迄今为止见过的最不可思议的东西 This is THE most extraordinary thing I've ever seen.
展览将在大英博物馆历史阅览室举行 The exhibition is to be held in the British Museum's historic Reading Room.
该阅览室目前是一个公共图书馆,而之前它是一个学者专用阅览室 Now a public library,it was once the preserve of scholars,the engine room of British intellectual life.
中国游客想知道,卡尔.马克思是坐在哪里完成资本论的 Chinese visitors want to know where Karl Marx sat when he wrote Das Kapital here.
宽敞的类似于墓穴的阅览室将被挪作他用,这一直都存在争议 It's a marvellous tomb-like space,but converting it has been controversial.
书籍将被转移,一个现代展厅将诞生于这座高级建筑 The books will move and a modern gallery is to be inserted into this Grade I listed building.
展览主负责人卡洛琳.马斯登.史密斯,邀请了数位展览设计师进行设计工作 Head of exhibitions,Carolyn Marsden-Smith,has commissioned the exhibition designers.
这是一个挑战,设计师肩负着我们的期望 It's certainly a challenge and it's something we wanted the designers to take head on.
这里的展览场地别具一格 It's a very different space to the kind of spaces that we would normally present an exhibition in.
它具有独一无二的历史意义,有其独特的特征 It's a unique historic interior,so it has a real personality of its own.
博物馆希望在这里举行意义非凡的展览 The museum doesn't want to hide that personality,it wants to show it off,
并展示出这种特征 as well as having this extraordinary exhibition in the space,
因此这成了设计师所要遵循的独特的设计理念 so that is a very unique brief for the designers.
史蒂芬.格林伯格设计公司的Metaphor主要负责这个项目 Stephen Greenberg's design company,Metaphor,has won the commission.
我们在第一段楼梯顶部放置了一个弓箭手 We have an archer the top of the stairs at the beginning,we have the other archer
在最后一段楼梯顶部放置了一个上漆的弓箭手,两个弓箭手呈对称性 at the end,the painted one. And there's a lovely symmetry of -
你来到这里,一旦看到弓箭手的头部,你便会想着离去 you arrive,you see the head of archer,and you can just imagine leaving,
当人们转身下楼时,他们会... and people turning back down the stairs and,you know...
是否有必要把他从侧面移到中间？ So you're going to move him from the side into the middle？
此时,简会出现在那里,她会勇敢的面对弓箭手 At the moment,he's there,Jane,which is nice because he's facing out.
那是我们在上个星期提出来的改进方案 That an improvement on how we had that last week
当你离去的时候,你的目光会不自觉停留在他身上,这能收到很好的效果 because you have to look at him as you go out,which is really nice.
其目的是展示兵马俑 The key thing is the display of the Terracotta figures...
如何让游客能从正面看到兵马俑 The idea of allowing visitors to look the Terracotta Warriors
这是整个设计的关键 in the eye has now become integral to the design.
你想让我惊叹？ What do I see as the big wow？
不只是惊叹,而是惊叹不已 It's not the first wow in the show,but it is the wow of wows.
你游走在展览场地上 Dare I say it,maybe you even walk on the exhibition surface.
你甚至可以像这些展品一样在场地上游走,你明白我的意思吗？ If you walk on the same surface as the object,you know what I mean？
有些东西会随之改变...,你在展览场地上... That changes... You're on the surface...
你一旦步入场地 The one time you step on the same surface.
你就会穿梭其中,这就是我们想要达到的效果 Then you're really in amongst them. Which is what we wanted all along.
穿梭其中 是的 In amongst them,yeah.
直径为40M圆形展览场地非常空阔 Because the space is 40 metres across and it's such a strong space,
你得在这里布置一些吸引人眼球的东西 you've got to do things that people actually notice in the space.
工作由此展开 You have to start with this.
首先要布置这个大家伙 You have to start with this great big thing.
如果我们把这个穹顶去除掉 So if we peel the dome off...
...位于中部的隔墙,把展览区一分为二 ..the exhibition is divided into two halves,with this piece up the middle,the monolith piece.
该展区的主题主要围绕秦始皇的生活、作品和取得的成果,而另一展区的主题则是围绕他留给世人的思索 This half is all about his life and works and achievements and the other half is all about his eternal life.
考古发现发掘了这一切 Everything that's been found in the archaeological dig and pits.
在这片区域举行这样一个展览 What a marvellous challenge,to be able to make an exhibition
诉说这样一个故事,这是何等巨大的挑战 in a space like this,to do such a great story.
规模如此庞大的项目,一生中只会出现一次 I mean,it's a once-in-a-lifetime project.
这是内蒙古的台阶,位于古代秦国的北部边界 This is the step of Inner Mongolia,the northern border of the ancient state of Qin.
这片土地仍旧保存着当年游牧勇士,横扫战场时的景象 The land still probably looks as it did in the days when nomadic warriors swept to and fro.
秦始皇下令修建举世闻名的国家边界 The First Emperor imposed order by building the most famous national boundary in the world.
这是中国万里长城的其中一段 This is part of the original Great Wall of China.
由扁方形泥土修建的城墙,有超过2000年的历史 It's made out of compressed earth and it's over 2,000 years old.
这段城墙和长城的其他城墙截然不同 It's not like the bit of the Great Wall that all the tourists are taken to.
那些城墙于1500年后被重建 That was rebuilt over 1,500 years after this one.
原长城在秦始皇统治时期被修建 The original Great Wall was built during the reign of Qin Shihuangdi.
他把相互独立的小规模城墙连接起来 He wanted to join together lots of little walls to create one massive
抵御北方蛮族的入侵,从而保护秦国疆土 defensive barrier to protect his new empire there to the South against the barbarian tribes of the North.
成千上万的尸骨长埋长城下 Thousands of people died building the wall.
有人称之为"世界上最长的墓地" Some call it the world's longest cemetery.
秦始皇在成为中国第一个皇帝之前,他从13岁开始 Before becoming Emperor,he ruled these lands for a quarter
统治秦国这片土地长达25年 of the century as the King of Qin,from the age of 13.
遗憾的是,我们没有秦皇年轻时的画像 Unfortunately,there are no contemporary images of the young King of Qin,so we don't
因此无法得知他的模样,根据他敌人的描述,他鼻子坚挺,眼睛狭小 really know what he looked like,but one of his enemies said that he had a waspish nose and elongated eyes.
他具备胡狼般的嗓音和虎狼般的野心 He also had the voice of a jackal and the heart of a wolf or a tiger.
他建立了一整套相当复杂的中央集权制度和掌权机构 He governed for a sophisticated bureaucracy,promotion was on merit.
摒弃传统的儒家思想,对违法者实施 Rejecting the gentler traditions of Confucius,he meted out harsh punishments for law-breakers -
腰斩 斩首 和五马分尸等酷刑 being cut in half,beheaded,or pulled apart by horses.
秦王野心勃勃,不断向外扩张领土 The king was ambitious to expand his territory.
利用联盟 贿赂 战争等手段,历时10年 After a decade of alliances,bribes and battles,
他最终灭掉了6国,于公元前221年统一了中国 he conquered the other six states to form one united country in 221 BC.
关外的蛮族称秦国为"中国" The Barbarians beyond the Great Wall would hear of the Empire of Qin and call it China.
站在新帝国的北部边界 Standing up here on the northern frontier of this new empire,
你会诧异地发现,秦国的疆土北至冻土地带 it's extraordinary to think that it extends from these frozen lands here
向南延伸到温暖的南中国海热带水域 here right the way down to the warm tropical waters of the South China Sea.
秦始皇所扩展的疆土可以和拿破仑或亚历山大大帝相提并论 It really rivals anything achieved by Napoleon or Alexander.
他认为自己是神圣的在世神仙 He considered himself divine,a living god.
他自称秦始皇帝,秦国的第一个皇帝 He called himself Qin Shihuangdi,the First August Emperor of Qin.
这是关于称谓的由来 Names and titles matter.
大英博物馆组织了一个团队,致力于向游客清晰地展示展览有关的文献 The British Museum has a team dedicated to making the exhibition text clear to the visitor.
凯瑟琳.库珀和简,需要更好地定位"皇帝"的含义 Catherine Cooper and Jane must decide how best to refer to the Emperor.
我是说 这个头衔很难去理解,因为对于"秦始皇帝"来说 I mean,the title is quite a difficult thing to get over,because Qin Shihuangdi,
秦指代的是秦国,始指代开始 首位的意思 Qin is the Qin state,Shi is number one,first,
而皇帝指代的是威严神圣的帝王 Huangdi means sort of August or divine Emperor.
我现在在犹豫,是否需要加入威严和神圣的元素 I'm just wondering if we need to put in August and divine,that's the thing.
我们是否可以只加入神圣的元素,这样更便于我们展开工作 Right,whether we can just choose divine？ That would be nicer for us.
这是至关重要的事情,我最好征求其他人的意见 I'd better check with various other people,because it's quite a major thing.
因为他是秦国第一个威严的皇帝 Because he's usually called First August Emperor of the Qin.
"威严"一词看似有些神秘 August is a bit of a weird word.
第一语言不是英语的那些游客,将无法理解该词的含义 是吗？ A visitor who doesn't speak English as a first language won't know that word,will they？
那么这一举动主要是针对那些群体呢？到场的每个游客还是那些不能说英语的游客？ But who's this aimed at？ Is it aimed at everybody or is it aimed at people who don't speak English properly？
主要是针对到场的每一位游客,这处理起来相当有难度 Well,it's aimed at everybody,isn't it,which is one of those tricky things.
我们不得不考虑到别人的想法 We'll probably have to think about it and see what other people think.
这点尤为重要 It is rather important,this.
我了解 这就是我为何不想... I know,I know,I know. That's why I don't want to...
秦始皇的称谓以及获得该称谓的原因,实际上是整个展览的核心内容 It's practically the most important thing in the whole exhibition,what he was called. And why!
中国古代,中国以外的地域除了贫瘠的土地和蛮族部落,别无他物可取 For the ancient Chinese,there was nothing worth having beyond China,just inferior lands and barbarians.
因此,秦始皇认为他统治着一切文明 So the First Emperor believed that he ruled all of civilisation.
征服了已知世界之后,秦始皇开始游览辽阔的新疆土 Having conquered the known world,Qin Shihuangdi made a series of tours around his vast new empire.
他游览了中国所有的圣山,泰山摆在首位 He visited all of China's sacred mountains,in particular,this one,Taishan,the most important.
他循着传说中领袖的脚步,登上山顶朝拜 Here,following in the footsteps of the mythical leaders of the past,he ascended to worship and
与诸神仙交流,乞求长生不老 talk to the gods and,above all,stake his claim to immortality.
泰山的神圣,不是因为它的海拔让秦始皇 The mountain was sacred,not just because it brought the First Emperor
更接近天堂,而是秦始皇把泰山作为自己神权的象征 closer to the heavens,he worshipped it as a god in its own right.
今天,它仍旧是一个道教和佛教朝圣的地方 Today,it's still a place of pilgrimage for Daoists and Buddhists.
秦始皇力求如神仙般长生不老,但这并没有被民众认可 The First Emperor's claim to be a god did not make him universally popular
在他的一生中,他尝试了数次 and several attempts were made on his life.
生性多疑的秦始皇下令 Increasingly paranoid,he decreed that anyone
他将对任何透露他行踪的人,判处死刑 who revealed his whereabouts would be sentenced to death.
秦始皇曾经处罚过一座山,他下令砍光山里的树木 The First Emperor once even punished a mountain,ordering all its trees to be cut down.
但他对泰山敬重有加,用树叶垫在马车轮下保护过道 But he was respectful to Taishan,putting leaves on his carriage wheels to protect it.
今天 人们对于泰山仍旧倍加呵护,精心地布置和美化景观 Today,the mountain is still cherished with careful landscaping.
然而,在中国,只有一条路能把树木运上泰山 But,in China,there's still only one way to move a tree up a mountain.
自秦朝以来未曾改变过,可以用不平凡来形容 It's extraordinary,it's like nothing has changed since the Qin dynasty.
很多人想方设法把这些树运往山顶 Lots of people trying to get this tree up to the summit.
我可以想象秦始皇的随行官员 Really I suppose reminiscent of the entourage of Qin Shihuangdi getting
带上朝圣物品登上山顶举行仪式的场景 all his possessions up here for the ceremony at the summit.
(远处传来的吟唱声) DISTANT SINGING AND CHANTING
在泰山顶上,你可以看到历代帝王不同寻常的雕刻题词 Up here on the summit of Taishan,you come across these extraordinary carvings
描绘了宗教仪式的细节 made by subsequent emperors,detailing religious ceremonies.
这个传统始于秦始皇 This tradition was begun by Qin Shihuangdi.
他来到这里,并把自己的遗赠物雕刻到自然景观里 He came up here and carved his legacy into the scenery.
他的雕刻已经不复存在,但是雕刻的副本流传下来了 His carvings,which alas don't remain although copies were made,
雕刻大致内容是,描述他是一位独一无二的君主之类 say how none come to him except in submission,and what a good governor he is.
秦始皇对后世的影响是深远的 And it says that his influence will be unending.
他的深远影响体现在书面文字上 His unending influence can be seen in the written script.
中国各地因语言不通存在交流障碍 People across China often can't understand each other when they speak.
但由于秦始皇的造诣,书面文字在国内畅通无阻 But there's no confusion when they write,thanks to the First Emperor.
他在国内统一了文字 He imposed one set of characters across his empire.
他摒弃了乏味的中国式的 Probably don't want something as boring as the Chinese
新罗马字体,以及类似的东西 version of Times New Roman,or Courier,or anything like that!
部分展览文献将用中文书写 Part of the exhibition text will be in Chinese.
但是选用何种字体是令人头痛的事情 But choosing the font is not easy.
这看起来很现代化 This looks like quite contemporary.
嗯 我不喜欢它 Hmm. I don't like it. No. So we're on this page. Yes.
当我们着手于这个项目的时候,我们陶醉于异国情调之中 When we started the project and we were beguiled by the exotic,
你对秦国了解的越多,你就越感慨秦始皇的苛政 and China,the more we learnt about Qin,how utterly ruthless he was,
他的所作所为目的是使各方面正规化,便于自己的统治管理 and everything he did was for standardisation and rigour and control.
因此,从一开始,我们便剥离了修饰性的元素 So,since the beginning,we have been chucking out
保留了越来越多的基础元素 decorative elements,and getting more and more basic.
这就是我们选择那种字体的原因 That's why we chose that one.
因为它极具当代感,这对我来说看起来像中国杂志 This to me looks like Chinese magazine,because of the contemporary feel.
然而 这更加传统 Whereas this is more traditional.
这看起来更经典 是的 This looks more classical. Yes.
所以我们得在这二者选其一 So we are down to these two really,don't you think？
简必须照顾到展览的方方面面,从字体到古代历史 Jane has to be across every aspect of the exhibition,from typefaces,to ancient history.
我们有大量的事情要做,但这非常令人兴奋 There is a lot to do,but it's very exciting.
她当前的任务是准备展览目录 Her immediate task is the exhibition catalogue
目录上登载了世界级领先的中国历史专家的论文 with essays by the world's leading experts in Chinese history.
这些都是大名鼎鼎的作家 This list of authors is fantastic.
你把它们都逐个找到了,真了不起 I'm very impressed you've got everybody but one in on time.
你显然是一个犀利的编辑,比我当年强多了 You're a fiercer editor than I've ever been able to be,obviously!
有一个还没有答复我,他说要参加一个葬礼 Well,the one who hasn't replied yet,he says he's had a bereavement,
但他会尽快整理给我 and he's going to get working on it soon.
目录里需要登载说明性的照片 Photographs are required to illustrate the catalogue.
这张看起来... This one here looks just...
简的助手,树下宏美 Hiromi Kinoshita,Jane's assistant,
和摄影师约翰.威廉,最近到过中国 has recently been to China with photographer,John Williams.
这张照片可以用在目录上,也可以用在展览上 This,we can use in the catalogue,but we can also use in the exhibition.
我们需要很大的篇幅,去显示坑里所有的塑像 Really really big,to show the huge numbers of figures in the pit.
当然,我们得为目录的封面挑选一张照片 We've got to think about a picture for the cover of the catalogue of course.
目前我们所要做的事情是图文结合 At the moment,what we're doing is getting the text together.
设法把图片安插在文本中 And trying to put pictures into the text.
太棒了,我能看下吗？ This is great,can we see this？
看那个头饰 Look at that head dress.
是的,那个是将军的头饰,他就是卸甲的将军？ Yes,that's a general's head dress. He's the unarmoured general？
没错 Yeah,yeah.
他长的很俊俏 He's got a really good face.
两位将军都有一张俊俏的脸 Both the generals have got excellent faces though.
太令人吃惊了,他们看起来真是栩栩如生 It's amazing,isn't it？ They look so real.
看这个,他也有一张俊俏的脸 And this chap here,if I can find him. This guy's got a great face.
我们正在给他们命名 We've just decided on the title as well.
这是秦始皇兵马俑 It's The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army.
秦始皇对我很有吸引力 The First Emperor is what I'm interested in.
我们需要为秦始皇兵马俑做市场推广 The Terracotta Army part of it is,of course,to do with marketing because
重点是让人们知道它们将在这里展出 that's what is the key thing people know about,so it's got be in there.
阅览室即将关闭,他将被改造成临时展厅 The Reading Room is about to close,to be transformed into the temporary gallery.
这些有名的桌子属于重点保护对象,它们不能有任何闪失 The famous desks are part of the Grade I listed fabric,so they can't be touched.
也就是说,在桌子上部得搭建一座平台 That means that a platform has to be built above them.
施工负责人史蒂夫.克拉克所面临的问题是,如何构建平台下方的中空结构 Below them,the hollow structure presents a problem for construction chief,Steve Clarke.
这些维多利亚式的天花板,是由一系列拱门支撑 These ceilings are just a series of arches that were built to support
轻型地板搭建而成的 a light level-loaded floor by the Victorians.
在设计之初,该平台不作为展览场地,因此,我们无法 They were never designed for an exhibition space,so we can't
将其转化,因为这只有一层薄薄的砖头堆砌而成 transfer onto this,because this is just a thin layer of brickwork.
无法承受压力 And it couldn't support the load.
建筑设计小组必须分散平台的压力 The building and design teams have to spread the load across
而主要展品的重量是相当巨大的 the raised platform,and the major objects are very heavy.
兵俑的重量在180公斤左右 The Terracotta Warriors which are coming out at about 180,
马佣的重量为340公斤 this horse though is 340.
而最重的就属青铜战车了 And then the heaviest thing is this bronze chariot.
它占据了相当大一片空间 But it's over quite a large area.
重量为1061公斤 And that's 1,061 kilograms.
为了慎重起见,我们需要分散压力 What I'm feeling slightly concerned about is,we might need to spread the load.
我们将不得不在这个区域,稍微提升地板的高度 That would mean we'd have to have a slight raise in the height of the floor in those areas.
此时所能承受的压力为150-200公斤,不能再多了,但问题是 That would probably be 150-200,so it's not going to be that much. The problem is...
我要做大量的功课,在我看来,这是一个折中方案 That sounds like a lot to me. From my perspective,it's quite a compromise.
我们不希望再加载更大的重量 We don't want to load any more weight than we have.
我们越早能够确定这一点越好 The sooner we can identify this,the better.
因为我们即将着手制作了 是的 Because we are going into manufacture imminently. Yep.
我们仍需要创造性的思维模式,即使方案已经确定 We need to think creatively then. Even if we went for this scheme...
我们进行了一次谈话,并且收到了很好的效果 'We were having a very useful conversation about how
谈话的主题是围绕"合理的搭建平台会和展览相得益彰"展开 'the actual installation of the platform will integrate with the exhibition.
因为展览中会有大量的 'Because there's quite a lot of heavy material'
"沉重材料",而我们要确保 going in the exhibition,and we want to make sure
平台能承受兵俑 the platform can take the weight of the warriors,
以及参观的游客的重量 and of all the people who'll come to the show.
现在是3月中旬,经过几个月的规划 It's mid-March,and after months of planning,
我们开始了阅览室的改装 the Reading Room refit begins.
书籍将存放在博物馆某处的临时图书馆 The books are going to a temporary library elsewhere in the museum.
施工地点相当棘手 The construction site is in an awkward place.
圆形阅览室刚好位于大英博物馆的大堂 The Round Reading Room is right in the centre of the Great Court of the museum.
从早上9点开始,那里就对公众开放 From 9 o'clock in the morning,that space is open to the public,
这就要求材料和所有我们的人 which means all our materials and all our men
必须在早上9点到位 need to be in our working space by 9 o'clock in the morning.
物资必须在早上7点送至馆内 Logistically that means the deliveries coming in at 7am and
卡车必须在9点之前离开 our lorries being off the forecourt by 9am.
同时,我们又遇到了另外一个问题,展厅只有一扇门供出入 And that's not the only problem. There's only one door to get everything in and out.
最贴切的比喻就是"在瓶子里造船" The nearest analogy is like building a ship in a bottle.
博物馆里装饰精美的展览场地 So,fantastic exhibition space for the museum.
是施工人员精心工作的结果 Logistical nightmare for the builder.
第一批钢材已于今天送达馆内 We've got the first delivery of the steel today,the steel that
这些钢材都是用来建造展厅地板的 actually forms the new deck that the exhibition is going to be on.
最终的预计显示,我们需要35吨钢材 The last estimate was about 35 tons of steel coming in.
我们必须在6月底完成展览场地的布置 We have to finish the exhibition space by the end of June.
展览团队尚有几个月时间 That gives the exhibition team a couple of months to come and
布置展厅,准备对公众开放 dress the exhibition,ready for the public.
在中国有更多的展览工作要做 There's more exhibition work to be done in China,
所以我在西安加入了简和宏美的团队 so I'm joining Jane and Hiromi in Xi'an.
他们的首要任务是重返兵马俑博物馆,检查重要的统计数字 Their first task is to return to the Terracotta Warriors Museum,to check some vital statistics.
我需要前后腿之间的距离 We need between his legs. Here.
是的 我们得测量脚间的距离 Yes,but his foot.
因为他们需要受力点 Because they need the point of weight.
这三匹马处于半包装状态,便利我们操作 Three of these horses we are having actually. So it's very useful that they are in a state of being half
因为我们可以测量他们的尺寸,来衡量阅览室地面的承载力度 being unpacked because we can measure all the measurements we need for the floor loading for the Reading Room.
这是一批从罗马展览归来的展品,这是一个骑兵 These objects have come back from an exhibition in Rome,and this is a cavalry horse here.
然而中途出现了小小的意外 And they had a bit of an accident.
它在被转移的途中破损了 It was when it was being moved in Rome that it broke.
战马已经明显被修复 I mean,obviously,the horses have been restored anyway.
你可以看到修复过的痕迹,破碎的战马已经被再次黏合 You can see the lines of restoration. This is obviously a broken horse which has been stuck together again.
因此 这个应该是旧伤 So it would have been an old break.
在兵马俑坑里,你会看到战马和兵佣是如何被挖掘的 In the Terracotta Warriors pit,you can see the way the horses and the warriors were excavated.
他们杂乱的分散在坑里,场面很凌乱 They were all lying higgledy-piggledy all over the place. It's rather a moving sight.
好比战争结束后尸横遍地的场面 It looks like a sort of end of a battle or something,with them all dead.
出土的兵佣没有一个是完整的 When the warriors were discovered,not a single one was intact.
每一个兵佣都是经过精心修复的 Every standing figure has been painstakingly reconstructed.
有考古证据显示,秦始皇死后,这些塑像便很快破损 There's archaeological evidence that the figures broke very soon after the First Emperor's death.
这些坑惨遭洗劫并被付之一炬,顶部塌陷 The pits were ransacked and burned,and the roofs collapsed.
简下到坑里观看正在被修复的兵佣 Jane and I went into the back of the pit to look at some warriors under repair.
这很不可思议,因为类似拼图的方式 This is stunning because you actually
把破碎部分拼装在一起 get a sense of the jigsaw,of them putting it all back together.
修复过程极其复杂 The intricacy of what they had to do to rebuild this army.
它们很高大,不过你也很高 And you can see how tall they are. You're pretty tall.
这些家伙体型庞大 These guys are big.
你知道吗？除了庞大的体型之外,它们给我的第一印象是 Do you know,one of my first impressions,apart from scale,
具有实质的内在美,它们是美丽的雕像 is actually they are beautiful in their own right,individually,beautiful sculptures.
它们看起来很彪悍 They look very fierce as well.
或许这是一个不合时宜的说法,但是他们真的看起来很彪悍 It's a silly thing to say,but they look particularly fierce,I think.
你越是观察他们,你就能发现更多细节 The more you look at them,the more details there are.
每个兵马俑都不尽相同吗？ So it is true that each Terracotta Warrior is different？
我想每个兵马俑都有细微的差别 是的 I think each one is slightly different,yes.
但他们有很多相似之处 But there are similarities. There are sets.
但兵马俑的细节是由手工制作而成,因此会存在细微的差别 But the details are done by hand,so they are slightly different.
这是一个皮带扣,你会看到它是如何使用的 Here you can see a belt hook. And you can actually see how they were used.
这个更加有趣,因为我们在举行展览的时候 And it's even more interesting,because when we have our exhibition,
我们展出了那个时代的青铜皮带扣 we are going to have some bronze belt hooks from that period.
这个男子留了中分头,蓄了山羊胡 This man has got a centre parting,and a little goatee beard.
而在他的背后,他留了一条颇为有趣的 And round the back,he's got a rather interesting
法国式辫子 sort of French plait type thing.
细节刻画的相当精致 The detail,that's exquisite.
我想,这个辫子是由中间垂下的头发编织而成 And this,I guess,is a sort of hair slide in the middle to fix it together.
编织过程相当复杂 And it's very intricately plaited.
非同寻常 It's extraordinary.
这些士兵在头顶侧部留了发髻和辫子 These ones have got side topknots. And plaits.
你不仅能看到辫子的细节,你还能看到每根头发的细节 And you can see not only the details of the plaits,but the details of each individual hair.
你为何认为这些发型都不尽相同？ Why do you think there is all this diversity with the hairstyles？
我认为不同的军衔都有不同的发型 Well,I think they show different ranks.
例如,这些军官都带着帽子 For example,the officers have hats on.
诸多步兵在头顶侧部留有发髻 The infantry,a lot of them have side topknots.
因此,发型和军衔有关 So it's to do with rank and possibly to do with
此外,不同的发型,还反映了他们来自中国的不同区域 the different areas of China that they come from as well.
兵马俑的脸型映射出 The faces in the Terracotta Army reflect the different
他们来自不同的民族 ethnic groups brought here to work from across the Empire.
在这座城市里,你仍旧可见诸多不同的脸型 You can still see this diversity in the faces around the city.
兵马俑在西安是一个巨大的商机 The Terracotta Army is big business for Xi'an.
兵佣复制品的贸易蓬勃发展 There's a booming trade in replica warriors.
生产规模庞大 The Chinese invented mass production.
该产业促进了当地经济的发展 And that's what's driving their buoyant economy today.
你可以触摸这些复制品 You can actually touch these ones,can't you!
这些微型的仿制品 Is this,in miniature,a bit like the process that
是根据2000多年前的兵马俑制作而成的吗？ was gone through 2,000 years ago,to build the real terracotta soldiers？
两者之间有些许类似点 It's a little bit like it.
但两者又不完全相同,因为小型兵佣是由单个模具制作而成 It's not entirely like it because this is one small terracotta warrior been built in one whole mould.
而大型兵马俑是由各小块组成的 Whereas,of course,the big ones were built in pieces.
有些部件,比如头部是由模具制作 Some of the parts were in moulds,like the heads.
在黏合的地方能看到黏合线 You can tell. They've got lines here where they've been joined together.
双手也是由模具制作,然后和身体黏合 And also the hands were made in moulds and stuck on to the bodies.
双腿是由一板板粘土卷曲成,类似排水管的管状 The legs were sometimes made with slabs of clay rolled into a pipe,like drainpipes.
生产线上的女工让你印象深刻 是的,没错 It does give you a strong sense,all the ladies here,of the production line. Yes. Absolutely.
这些复制品都是纯手工完成的 Just as these replicas are individually finished by hand,
原兵马俑也是如此 so were the original Terracotta Warriors.
真人比例的塑像被放在巨大宽敞的烧窑里,烧制一个星期 The full-sized figures take a week to be fired in a giant walk-in kiln.
这支庞大的军队,按照大规模物流运作的原理组建而成 The people who built this vast army were part of a massive logistical operation.
这是秦始皇取得成功的关键 And this is what underpins Qin Shihuangdi's success.
如果你能制造如此庞大的规模 If you can manufacture and build on such a massive scale,
你可以在很长一段时间内,调动和供应军队 you can mobilise and supply armies for long periods.
这就意味着,你可以在战争中打败你的敌人 That means you can defeat your enemies in war.
考古学家就"秦国工匠是如何建造兵马俑的"提出了自己独特的见解 Archaeologists have a good idea of how the Qin workers constructed the Terracotta Army.
首先,他们挖了一个坑并修建了坡道,利用方形砖搭建了走廊 First they dug a pit with access ramps and built walls of compressed earth to create corridors.
然后,他们在坑上安装一个木质的屋顶 Then they closed off the pit with a wooden roof.
随后,他们顺着坡道把兵马俑运送到坑里 They then carried the warriors down the ramps into the corridors.
据推测,他们当时可能用了某种照明设备,否则将会是漆黑一片 Presumably they had some form of lighting as,of course,it would have been dark.
他们以某种方式,技巧性地把沉重的兵俑、马俑和战车运送到狭窄的空间 It must have taken skill to carry the heavy warriors,horses and chariots into the cramped spaces.
一旦兵马俑各就各位,屋顶被席子覆盖 Once the army was in place,the roof was covered in matting,
出口被封死,顶部堆上泥土 the entrances were sealed,and earth piled on top.
"地下军队"在设计之初,不希望被人发现 The underground army was not designed to be seen by human eyes,
他们长眠地下超过2000年 and it remained hidden for over 2,000 years.
兵马俑尚有诸多方面鲜为人知 There's something many of us don't realise about the warriors.
此时的兵马俑和其被埋藏时的外观,完全不一样 When they were entombed,they didn't look as they do now.
哇 Wow!
你看这些色彩艳丽的兵佣 Look,these are the warriors that have got pigment on them.
这让我惊喜不已 This comes as a real surprise to me.
这不是泥土的本色,而是彩绘上去的 Well yes,they are not terracotta-coloured at all,they were brightly painted.
德国人为了保护兵马俑,增加了这道工序 This was the result of conservation work done with the Germans,
目的是利用技术保存色彩 and they've come up with this technique of preserving the pigment.
他们有一张肉色的脸 They've got a flesh-coloured face.
然后是这些美妙的红色,铠甲由这些红色的细节组成一个整体 And then these wonderful reds,the detail of the red holding the armoured plates together.
这个是什么颜色？ 它叫汉紫色 Then this fantastic,what colour is that？ This is the Han purple,it's called.
这很吸引人 It's electric.
如此鲜艳,如此非凡 It's so bright,it's extraordinary.
真是令人不可思议,这种颜色太罕见了 It is incredible. It's very rare,this colour.
他们穿着紫色铠甲,这似乎令人难以置信 To think that they had purple armour,it seems incredible.
紫色、黄色、粉红、蓝色、红色 Purple,yellow,pink,blue,red.
他们会穿上这种颜色的铠甲上战场吗？ Do we know if this is an accurate depiction of the colours they would wear into battle？
我们无法考证铠甲的外观 Well,we don't have any evidence about what the armour looked like,
除了已知出土的兵马俑的服饰,我们无法考证其他服饰的模样 what the clothes looked like,except for the warriors that have been excavated from the pits.
而事实上,兵马俑就是我们的证据 So actually this is our evidence.
他们是否穿着这种颜色的服饰和盔甲投入战斗 Whether the colour was the colours that the clothes and armour would have been when they went into battle,
或许这只是他们参加庆典的装扮,我无法得知 or whether they were actually in ceremonial armour and dress,I don't know.
一号坑令人称奇 Pit one is staggering enough.
这是它们的原始颜色吗？ But imagine if they were all in their original colours？
太不可思议了,光艳夺人 It would have been incredible,wouldn't it？ So bright.
它们看起来太不可思议了 They would have looked amazing.
现在是五月份,大英博物馆的阅览室已关闭几个月了 At the British Museum,it's May,and the Reading Room has been closed for two months.
似乎没有人抱怨临时图书馆 Nobody seems to be complaining about the temporary library.
图书管理员仍旧可以阅览留在阅览室的图书 The librarians can still access the books left in the Reading Room.
自展厅动工兴建以来,这是卡罗琳和史蒂芬首次看到展览场地 This is the first time that Carolyn and Steven have seen the space since building work began.
哇 好宽敞 Oh,it's huge!
这是弓箭手 So this is the archer.
稍微走下楼梯一点,你就会看到我 Go down the stairs a bit and see when you start to see me.
我可以看到你,这个视线太完美了 I can see you there. That's a perfect sight line.
是的,很不可思议 Yeah. That is amazing.
你会看到美妙的景观 You've got a fantastic view.
在楼梯底部,你会看到一个弓箭手 On the bottom of the stairs,you get the archer.
怎么样？ How good is that？
我们在第二区,我想了解 So we're in the second section,and what I really want to understand
所展示的兵马俑的规模 is the scale of the presentation of the warriors.
我对它们印象深刻 And I am pretty blown away.
大卫在另外一端 There's David at the other end.
他在平台的边缘 David's at the lectern edge,the rail.
我们从哪里经过可以到达大卫那边？兵马俑需要按照这个路线摆放吗？ So,from where we are here to where David is,is the footprint of where the warriors will be positioned？
是的 这很有趣 Yeah. It's wonderful.
这一楼层的兵马俑都呈浅灰色和赤褐色 They are on this floor that is a putty colour,terracotta as well.
如果你能说服你的客户,并告诉他们,展览效果会很好 If you can persuade your client,and say,I know it's going to be good,
展品的摆放和模型或图纸不尽相同 and the models and the drawings you do,nothing is like standing there.
这看起来不同寻常 It is going to look extraordinary.
画板上这个充满想象力的设计,最终被转化为现实 The long imagined design is emerging from the drawing board.
兵马俑彩色影像投射在纤维墙屏幕上,来展示宏大的规模 The fabric wall is a screen for projected images of the Terracotta Army,to give a sense of scale.
我们能在这里看到"这支军队" So we've got the army here.
你可以从不同角度去欣赏 And you've got these changing shows.
在圆形天幕上,另外一边 On the cyclorama. On either side.
这个戏剧背景是何等壮观 As a grand theatrical backdrop. It's going to be spectacular.
照明电缆影藏在一个巨大的绿色圆环内,得以帮助降低房间里的回声 A great green ring hides the lighting cables and helps reduce the echo in the room,
游客们可以看到美丽的19世纪圆顶,该圆顶是由纸浆建造而成 while allowing visitors to see the beautiful 19th century dome which is actually made of papier mache.
因此 展厅仍旧倍受瞩目 So the room is still a star.
展览也会因此而增色 It is,isn't it？ It is still expressed within the exhibition.
游客们浑然不知 And people won't know,they won't realise,
他们已经被抬起接近圆顶 that they've been lifted up into the dome.
坟墓感越来越强烈 And it will have that more tomb-like feel.
是的,这就是我希望的 Yes,I hope so. Yes.
作为秦王在其25年的执政中,秦始皇就开始建造自己的墓地 Qin Shihuangdi had started building his tomb during his 25-year reign as king of Qin.
在他统一中国成为皇帝后,建造工作又延续了11年 And building was expanded during his 11 years as emperor.
动用了来自全国各地的劳动力,组织规模甚为庞大 It was an amazing feat of organisation,with forced labour from all over the empire.
他征募了70万工匠,这是加地夫人口的两倍 He conscripted 700,000 workers,that's twice the population of Cardiff.
整个地区设立了地方政府 The whole area was made its own government district,with officials
由官员负责监督对墓地的建设和维护 to oversee the building and the maintenance of the big tomb complex.
你可以在这里想象出那个场景 You can imagine the scene here.
那里本应该挤满了人、厂房、烧窑、军火库和陶器 It would have been seething with people,factories,kilns,armouries and potteries.
每个人都朝着同一个目标工作,这是一个古代世界 Everyone working towards one goal which was one of the most ambitious
费力费时的建设项目 construction projects of the ancient world.
无人知晓陵墓的规模,但时不时会有新的发现 No one is sure how extensive the tomb complex is,but there are frequent new discoveries.
这些被蓝色栅栏围起来的坑,出土于1997年 These blue sheds enclosed pits that were unearthed in 1997.
其中一个坑里,有令人毛骨悚然的遗骸 One contains some grisly remains.
你无需像病理学家一样 You don't have to be a pathologist to
去分析这些是什么骨骼 know what these bones are here.
召唤在修建墓地过程中死去的灵魂 Pretty evocative remains of some of those who must have died building this massive complex.
那是军队里成百上千的义务兵 Some of the army of several hundred thousand conscripts.
我和段新宝交流了意见 I talked to Duan Xinboa,
他是考古界的泰斗 who has one of the best jobs in world archaeology.
他负责秦始皇陵的挖掘工作 He's in charge of excavating the First Emperor's necropolis.
这是一个长期项目,我们需要强制购买土地 It's a long-term project requiring compulsory purchase of the land.
我们迁移了墓丘周围方圆2平方公里的 TRANSLATION: We are migrating all the villages and factories
村庄和工厂 in a two square kilometre area around the tomb mound.
我们首先会集中在这个区域 First we will focus on that area.
然后逐渐地把该区域扩展到60平方公里 And then gradually work up to an area of 60 square kilometres.
他们已经取得了一些惊人的发现 They've already made some stunning discoveries.
该墓丘坐落于地下宫殿中部,由长方形的石墙包围 The tomb mound sits at the heart of an underground palace surrounded by rectangular stone walls.
最外层的长度达到2.5公里 The outermost is 2.5 kilometres long.
在墓丘的东北部,一个F型的坑位于大湖旁 North-east of the tomb mound,beside a large lake
那里有实物大小的青铜水禽、丹顶鹤、天鹅和大雁 is an F-shaped pit which contains life-size bronze water birds,cranes,swans and geese.
不远处是位于木格子里的乐师佣 Nearby,there were terracotta musicians in wooden compartments.
宫殿围墙内的坑里,有两架半比例缩放的青铜战车 Within the palace walls is a pit which contain two magnificent half-scale bronze chariots.
其中一架被马车包围,向观众说明 One has a completely enclosed carriage which may illustrate how
秦始皇举国巡游的景观 the First Emperor travelled on his tours around the empire.
艺人佣在另外一个坑里,杂技演员在耍球 Another pit contains entertainers,an acrobat who might once have spun a ball.
一名大力士手拿木棍 A strongman whose arm once gripped a pole.
疑似举重用的青铜容器 And a huge bronze vessel,perhaps for weightlifting.
为确保社会安定,那里安置了朝中官员 And to make sure everything ran smoothly,there were civil servants.
纸张在当时尚未被发明,竹简被用来书写 Paper hadn't been invented,but these men wrote on bamboo strips.
他们用包着带子的小刀更正竹简中的错误内容,小刀在磨刀石上磨得锋利 They made corrections with a knife worn on the belt,sharpened with a whetstone.
没有人知道等待考古学家去发掘的是什么宝藏 No one knows what treasures await the archaeologists
当地居民全部迁徙后,就可以对这整片区域进行挖掘 when the local residents have gone,and the whole area can be excavated.
挖掘工作一直在继续 But work continues where possible.
在墓丘附近发现了大量的铠甲 A huge collection of armour has been discovered very close to the tomb mound.
It's actually quite deep. What is it？
有...6...8...10米 Six,8,10 metres？
段新宝预计,这个沟槽只占整个军械库的百分之一 Duan Xinboa estimates that this trench represents just one per cent of the entire armoury.
这是石铠甲 This is the armour made of stone.
这是一个令人难以置信的复杂过程 It's an incredibly intricate process.
每一个铠甲都帖了标贴 They are labelling every single...
(普通话) SHE SPEAKS MANDARIN
他们将要把这些部件组装起来 THEN SHE TRANSLATES: They are preparing to lift one part up,
因此需要贴上标贴便于识别 so they are labelling it.
些许部件仍旧完好无损,那里有几块 Certain parts are still quite intact. There,there's a couple of pieces there.
这副铠甲是要装在躯干部位吗？ Is this armour for the torso up here？
普通话 HE SPEAKS MANDARIN
这是装在肩膀部位的 TRANSLATION: It's for the shoulder.
装上之后,接下来就是精心修复工作的开始 Once lifted,it's taken next door to be painstakingly reconstructed.
每套服饰重约18公斤,由近801块石灰岩碎片借助铜线组合而成 Each suit weighs around 18 kilograms with up to 801 limestone pieces held together with copper wire.
石铠甲有什么用处？因为他们太沉重 你无法穿上它 What was stone armour？ Because you couldn't wear it,it was too heavy.
那么这道是什么工序？ So what was it doing down here？
这是给另外一个灵魂世界用的 TRANSLATION: It was probably for use in the spirit world.
西方人相信人死后,灵魂会升入天堂 You in the West believe that after dying,the spirit goes to heaven.
中国人也是如此 And in China,we believe the same thing.
谁会穿上这套铠甲 Who was wearing this armour？
这是为兵马俑准备的备用铠甲吗？ Is this spare armour in case the Terracotta Army needed some more？
这不是为兵马俑准备的铠甲 TRANSLATION: This is not for the Terracotta Warriors,no.
在另外一个世界,皇帝应该有一支灵魂部队 In the other world,the emperor would have a spirit army.
主要的区别在于,兵马俑没有头盔 The main difference is that the Terracotta Warriors don't have helmets.
看这里,他们都戴着头盔,这表明战场上的秦国军队却是戴着头盔 Here,they have helmets,so it shows that on the battlefield,the Qin army did have helmets.
制作石铠甲是何用意,他无法理解 What way of thinking he had when he decided to have stone armour,he really doesn't really know.
有些事情,我们找不出原因 TRANSLATION: We couldn't find reasons for many things.
例如,我们无法得知他为何制作如此大的兵俑、青铜战马和战车 For example,we don't know why he made the warriors so big,or why he made bronze horses and chariots.
即使有很多谜团尚待破解,但段新宝是秦始皇研究专家 But for all that we don't know,Duan Xinboa is probably closer to the First Emperor than anyone.
我相信我是最了解秦始皇的人 TRANSLATION: I believe I am the person who understands him best.
我不去关注秦始皇的财富 It doesn't matter how much treasure there is.
而最重要的是随他入墓的新的政府体制 The most important thing is that he put into his tomb his new system of government.
这是一个宏伟的目标 It's a grand vision.
不单是收集漂亮的文物 Not just a collection of beautiful artefacts for the afterlife,
而是展现出秦始皇时代的整个社会 but a representation of the First Emperor's whole society,
那是围绕着他最后的安息之地的一个统一的中国 the united China he created surrounding him in his final resting place.
墓穴未被挖掘,我们无法得知里边有什么 The tomb itself has never been excavated. We don't really know what's in there.
我们只能从历史学家司马迁那里了解一些信息 What we do know comes from one source,the historian Sima Zhen,
秦始皇死后100年,司马迁的的著作对秦始皇做了描述 who wrote about 100 years after the First Emperor.
据他描述,墓穴里到处都是宫殿、塔和稀有物品的复制品 He says the tomb was "full of replicas of palaces and scenic towers,as well as rare utensils.
诸如长江黄河等100条河流,由水银模拟 "Mercury was used to fashion imitation of the 100 rivers,the Yellow River,and the Yangtze.
"大海和海上生物代表天体" "The seas and above were representations of the heavenly bodies."
因此他的基本意思是,秦始皇领地的整个模型 So basically what he's saying is,inside that mountain
隐藏在那座山里 there is a model of the entire First Emperor's domain.
根据司马迁的记载,盗墓者会被万箭穿心而死 Sima Zhen records that crossbows were rigged to shoot at tomb robbers
许多人和秦始皇陪葬 and that many people were sent to their deaths in there -
陪葬人员是那些知道墓穴内藏有珍宝的工匠,以及秦始皇尚无子嗣的嫔妃 The craftsmen who knew the secrets of the treasures within,and the Emperor's childless concubines.
万箭穿心和陪葬人员,我们无从考证 We can't be sure about the crossbows and the corpses,
但段新宝和其同事,利用探地雷达和其他非侵入性调查手段 but Duan Xinboa and colleagues have made some fascinating discoveries,
发现了一些有趣的东西 using ground penetrating radar and other non-invasive surveys.
几年之前,我们对地下的墓穴知之甚少 TRANSLATION: Until a couple of years ago we knew very little about what was under the mound.
最近我们发现了中空的墓室,墓室的底部在地面以下30米 We have recently discovered the hollow chamber,the bottom of which is 30 metres below ground level.
墓室有石头构建而成,中空空间高度为15米 It's a stone structure with a hollow space about 15 metres high.
石室被阶式边墙包围,边墙宽50米 A stone chamber surrounded by stepped walls is 50 metres wide
长80米,类似于三个并排放置的奥林匹克游泳池 and 80 metres long,like three Olympic swimming pool side-by-side.
秦始皇的棺木应该被放在石室里 The Emperor's coffin presumably lies inside,
有充分的证据证明,他是被水银模拟的河流和海洋包围 and there's tantalising evidence that he really is surrounded by mercury rivers and seas.
我们在墓丘附近的区域,发现了土壤里含有很高比例的水银 TRANSLATION: We found high levels of mercury in the soil of the tomb mound.
这片区域的水银含量比周边地区,高出70倍 The mercury levels are up to 70 times higher than in the soil in the surrounding areas.
这印证了司马迁著作中有关墓穴的描述 That seems to support the version of the tomb found in the book.
谁知道墓穴里还有什么 Who knows what else is in there.
也许那里有更多的兵俑,和来自他庞大帝国的无数宝藏 Perhaps more warriors,and a horde of treasures from around his vast empire.
这是世界上最令人兴奋的考古遗址 This is the most exciting archaeological site on the planet.
世界各国的考古学家齐结这里 This is the place that keeps archaeologists all over the world
对我来说,我希望有人能打开墓室 up at night and,for my part,I hope they open it up before I die.
如今,秦始皇和他的随行人员静静的躺在地下 For now,the Emperor and his entourage lie undisturbed.
该墓地是一个旅游景点 The tomb is a tourist attraction.
是一个旅游休闲的好地方,特别是装扮成皇帝 A pleasant place to visit,especially to dress up as an emperor.
如果你只想登上山顶,一览优美的山间美景 Or,if you just want to climb up for the beautiful mountain views.
好吧 简,这相当消耗体力 Well,Jane,pretty tiring.
它已遭受岁月的侵蚀,但我仍然能感觉到它的气息 It might have eroded a bit but I'm still feeling it. No!
我无法相信,这是书中所描述的最古老的登山技巧 I can't believe it. That's the oldest trick in the book.
非常感谢 Thanks very much!
快看 看啊 Look at the view. Yes,look at the view.
你真调皮 Sneaky!
我们站立在墓室的顶部 And we're standing on top of the tomb chamber.
他之所以把墓室建得那么高,是因为他认为这样可以更接近神仙 And he built it high because he believed this brought him closer to the gods？
整座山就是一个巨大的陵墓 It's in the shape of a mountain.
他在国内巡游,在山上题词 You know he went on tours around China,and he wrote inscriptions on mountains.
他把自己的陵墓建成山的样子 And he had his tomb built like a mountain.
因此他的陵墓成为了中国景观的一部分,而他而成为中国的一部分 It's like he's making his tomb part of the Chinese landscape,making himself part of China.
你想打开它？ Would you open it up？
我不知道,这是一个棘手的问题,这取决于他们 I don't know. It's such a tricky question,it's up to them,really.
当然,如果换做是你,你会怎么做？ Of course. What would you do？
嗯,一定要谨慎处理 Well. I do think caution is important.
正确的做法是,等到能完好无损的 I think it's absolutely the right thing to do,to wait until
维护所出土的文物,再去挖掘 it's possible to even think about preserving what they might find.
当前也存在这样一个问题,他们不想去惊扰秦始皇 But it's really a question at the moment of them not wanting to disturb him.
他仍旧在那里 He is still there.
就在那里 He's there.
大英博物馆阅览室的窗户都被涂黑 At the British Museum,the Reading Room windows have been blacked out
从里面看,展厅更像个墓室 so it's more tomb-like inside the new gallery.
离对外开放还有几个星期了,我有点忧虑 It's quite,fraught,probably is the word,because we are in the final couple of weeks now.
然而我们又非常兴奋,我们已为博物馆开创了一个记录 We are all very excited because we've just hit a record for the museum.
我们已预售出5万张展览门票,这对我们来说是一个记录 We've managed to get 50,000 tickets sold in advance for the exhibition,which is a record for us.
真让人兴奋 It's really exciting.
这个是12英镑 That will be £12 please.
但除此之外,商店正在筹建 But apart from that,the shops are getting prepared.
各种食物已被分类 The catering all sorted out.
阅览室外,自然是人声鼎沸 There's a lot of buzz outside the Reading Room as well,
因为我们要迎接5万名游客 because we really have got to deliver for those 50,000 people now.
中间的隔墙把展区一分为二,分为"生前区"和"死后区" There's now a partition wall dividing the exhibition into two halves,life and death,
出入口连接两个区域 with a doorway from one to the other.
我们对秦始皇的了解,来自于陵墓的考古证据 What we know about the First Emperor comes from the archaeological evidence of the tomb,
和史学家司马迁的记载 and the historian Sima Zhen.
秦始皇至少有2个儿子 We know that he had at least two sons.
但我们无法得知其皇后和嫔妃的名字 But we don't know the names of his empress or concubines.
也无法得知,他是否真的认为自己是不死神仙 Or if he truly believed he was a living god.
秦始皇自称为神,当然他不是神,他也只是个凡人 The Emperor called himself divine,but of course,he wasn't,he was all too human.
他热衷于长生不老 He became obsessed with immortality.
他把他的仆人,遣送到国家的边远地区 He set his servants off to the furthest flung parts of his empire
去找寻能让他长生不老的草药和蘑菇 looking for herbs and mushrooms,anything to make him immortal.
有人说他不知道水银有毒,连水银都吃 Some say he also ate mercury,not knowing that it was poisonous.
他无法逃脱死亡 But he couldn't escape death.
他死于巡游期间 It came on a journey around his empire.
出于对造反的恐惧,该消息被封锁 News of it was suppressed,perhaps for fear of an uprising.
他的尸体由马车运回首都,该马车类似与和他一同埋葬的青铜战车 His body was returned to the capital in a carriage,possibly like the bronze chariot buried with him.
他的朝臣用咸鱼掩盖尸体腐烂的气味 His courtiers carried supplies of dried fish to mask the smell of his rotting corpse.
秦始皇死后,他的儿子们无法胜任这项工作 After his death,Qin Shihuangdi's sons weren't really up to the job.
几年后,秦王朝被暴力推翻 His dynasty came to a violent end a few years later.
而最重要的一个新的国度,开创了一个新的朝代 But a new Emperor took over and founded a new dynasty. And that's the point.
从此 分裂战争在中国已经不复存在,取而代之的是如何加强统治基础 From then on,the fighting was not about dismantling China,but dominating it.
秦始皇不仅创造了一个国家 Qin Shihuangdi had created more than just an empire.
他还开创了一种强大的理念 He'd created an idea that would prove so powerful that it
这种理念在接下来的2000年里,被世世代代所接纳 was never seriously challenged over the next 2,000 years.
大英博物馆的展览,将在寒冷的8月中旬闭幕 In the middle of a chilly August,it's closing time at the British Museum.
秦始皇陵出土的珍贵文物,经过数千英里的旅行终于到达 After travelling thousands of miles,the precious objects from the First Emperor's tomb are arriving.
能看到它们,令人非常兴奋,但同时又相当害怕 It's very exciting to see this,but it's a bit scary.
但我敢肯定,一切都处于控制之中 But I'm sure it's all under control,really.
我轻微的感觉出,我显示不出自己的作用 I slightly feel that I don't have a function!
这一切都是如此的井井有条,我还不如不来 It's all so well organised,I might as well not be here.
搬运组需要花一个通宵的时间,把箱子搬进展厅 It's an all-night job for the heavy lifting team to get the crates in.
每匹马的重量为340公斤 Each horse weighs 340 kilos.
所有的展品需从阅览室的门口搬进来 All the objects have to be brought in through the Reading Room door,
然后把它们抬上展厅内 then lifted up to the exhibition floor.
兵马俑博物馆已派出最优秀的团队,布置展厅 The Terracotta Warriors Museum has sent its top team to help with the installation.
语言障碍并不是问题 Their lack of English doesn't worry Darryl Day.
我的中文不是很好 My Chinese is not great!
但我们使用通用手语,来移动展品 But we are using the universal sign language for object moving,
这似乎是为我和他们的技术人员,量身定做的 which seems to be working for me and their technician as well!
小件展品在进入阅览室之前,需经仔细检查 The small objects are opened and checked before being taken to the Reading Room.
我们尝试去把破旧的石制头盔,安装在石铠甲顶部 What we want to try and do is put the stone helmet,as it would have been worn,on top of the stone armour.
但是我们必须确保展品的安全 But we've got to make sure that we are happy that we can do that absolutely safely.
关于特定展品的展览,我们需要制定特殊的计划 There are still decisions to be made about displaying certain objects,
诸如,这些为贸易提供的标准称重筹码 like a large weight providing a standard for trade under the First Emperor.
这个展品的背面有题词 是的 This is the one that's got the inscription around the back. Yes.
这个类似浮雕的工艺,它看起来相当不错 And this is in relief,so it looks rather nice.
我认为以这种方式处理,是个不错的主意 I think it's a good idea to put it this way around.
让观众去关注展品的另一侧面,是一个不错的创意 It would be nice to let audiences know there is something around the other side.
唯一的途径便是通过一面镜子,或者图片说明 The only way to do it is with a mirror,or a picture.
但我们遇到了一个问题 'There's also a problem with the standard measure which has been
"用何种方式来展示展品背面的题词" 'displayed to show an inscription on the back of the scoop.'
唯一困扰我的是,展品的题词是颠倒的 The only thing that worries me slightly,putting it upside down,
游客会意识到,我们用某种方式纠正了这类颠倒吗？ is that,will people realise that it's a measure for putting stuff in if it's upside down？
或许你可以把展品倾斜一下？ You could tilt it,perhaps？
如果按照这种方法的话 Again,you see,it's a matter of,when you tried it this way,you can
你只会看到一部分题词 see it's a measure,but you can't see much of the inscription.
看着橱窗里展品,显得些许沉闷 And then you just look into the inside,and it's rather boring.
中国不允许外借半比例缩放的青铜战车 The Chinese don't allow the half-size bronze chariots abroad,
因此他们制作了一个仿制品 so they've made a replica for loan.
一尊兵马俑塑像出了些许问题 One terracotta figure has arrived with a little problem.
这是杂技演员,这是固定架 Here's the acrobat,and here's the mount.
固定架不需要太张扬 It's not the most attractive of mounts.
关键是他无法站立,因为他只有一条腿 The problem is that he can't stand up on his own. He's only got one leg.
而问题是,我们是否可以找到人,按时把固定架制作出来 And the question is,whether we can get anybody to make a mount in time,
加上固定架,效果会好些吗？ and get a mount made that is better looking than this one？
我们必须使他站立起来 It must be possible to make him be able to stand up without having
无需用整个框架去做支撑 this whole framework around his leg,for the whole of the leg to go in.
可以用木质的假腿做替代 It must be possible to put a peg leg of some sort.
从一侧把它撑起来 To just to support him on one side.
而这些硬玻璃棒真让人心烦 And these perspex bars are actually distracting.
它会把游客的吸引力吸引到它仅剩的一条腿上 It would draw attention to the fact that he only has one leg.
只有一条腿的杂技演员,那是一个自相矛盾的说法 That is a bit of a contradiction in terms,having a one-legged acrobat!
兵马俑才是此次展览的主角 The real stars of the show are the Terracotta Warriors.
兵马俑开箱时,博物馆出版组组织了拍照活动 The museum press team has organised a photocall as the first one is uncrated.
这个活动持续多久,把它抬起来,然后再拿出来吗？ How long will it take,lifting it and getting it out？
半小时左右,就这样 Half an hour,something like that.
你为何去做别的事情？这才是当前最重要的 Why,you got another job on？ There's nothing more important than this!
如果你能把相机往后退点,就不会把顶部挡住了 If you can take the cameras back a little so it's not over the top.
你能帮我抬一下这尊兵佣吗？ Can you just get a hand on the warrior？
小心轻放 Nice and easy.
稍微斜一点 A bit more pouting!
摆正一点 Come back a little bit more.
在决定它们放置的位置之前,我不想把他们从架子里拿出来 I don't want to take him off the frames until they have decided where they're going. Yes.
珍贵的兵马俑留在它们的木质摇篮里,直至最后一刻 The precious terracotta figures are left in their wooden travelling cradles until the very last moment,
然后 每个人都屏住呼吸,希望他们能站立起来 and then,everyone holds their breath and hopes they stand upright.
1、2、3 One,two,three.
好 稍为移过去一点 好的 OK,you need to go quite a bit over. Yes.
往我左边移点 好的 My left,my left,my left. OK.
就这样,相当不错,接下来去搬杂技演员吧 Yes,I think that's quite good. Then you can move the acrobat.
非常棒 Very,very nice.
最终展览布置完成,准备对外开放,讲述秦始皇生前与死后的故事 Finally,the exhibition is ready to open,telling the story of the life and death of China's First Emperor.
展览的初衷是让你近距离接触这些东西 The original aim was to let you get really close to the things,
因此你可以仔细地逐个去欣赏它们 so that you could see that these are individuals,
你会发现它们都是独立制作的,这些雕塑 that they are crafted separately,and that you can see that they
是真正的艺术品 really are works of art,that these are sculptures as well as massed ranks.
这架战车太雄伟了,不是吗？ This chariot's great,isn't it？
是的,他们巧妙的制作了这个复制品,来展示即将被风化殆尽的实物 Yes. I think it's very clever the way they've made this replica to show the ones that would have disintegrated.
这是一个大鼻子的步兵 And then here,you've got this light infantryman,the one with the big nose.
它们精美绝伦,能近距离端详它们,感觉非常棒 They look absolutely beautiful here,and it's wonderful to see them so close.
我喜欢他脸上的细节刻画,在那里 I love the details on his face,where you can see the hands
你可以看到工匠们亲手用粘土黏制的线条 almost of the workmen,the lines on his face in the clay.
简,他们看起来太漂亮了,你对它们是否满意 Jane,I think it looks absolutely beautiful. Are you happy with it？
比我想象中的要漂亮 I think it's more beautiful than I thought it was going to be.
不管是设计还是展示,四个字"趋于完美" The design,and the display,is fantastic.
至于内容方面,我无法评定 As far as the content is concerned,I think it's very difficult for me
因为我是如此接近它,我对他了解有加 to judge that because I'm so close to it,I know it so well.
我真心希望游客们会喜欢它 And I really hope people will like it.
-== HDC字幕组荣誉制作 ==-- 本字幕仅供学习交流,严禁用于商业用途 -== HDChina.org 高清PT站 ==- 翻译/时间轴: brainsmart 2010.8.08
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